The priorities he would set for the country, from leading the world in renewable energy to retooling education and immigration policies to help American high-tech industries, are far-sighted.

He has stood up far more forcefully than Romney against those in his party who reject evolution and the science behind global warming.

This was a real shot across the bow of the ship under whose flag Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum are sailing, that ship that has abandoned any rational discourse about the nature of government and the well-being of the electorate in favor of hell-and-brimstone apocalyptic language.

I can remember when New Hampshire was the ultimate boogeyman of conservatism, back when the Manchester Union Leader could reduce even the most outspoken liberal candidate to tears. New Hampshire, as a state, has changed a lot since then. Hell, it has successfully legalized gay marriage at a time when the California effort to do so is still mired in the courts. The New Hampshire college students whom Santorum addressed yesterday decided to call him out on his opposition to gay marriage and booed him when he left the room.

What this all means, however, is that New Hampshire is more interested in talking about governance than in listening to fundamentalist sermons. As a result even the conservative voters may well take the Globe endorsement seriously. Unfortunately, New Hampshire is no more representative of national thinking than Massachusetts is. The Globe endorsement may win a small battle for Huntsman; but my guess is that, for just about any other electoral decision, they have given him the kiss of death.

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To put that figure in perspective, only five other countries worldwide have achieved that amount of rooftop solar power. The study also notes that the state’s Million Solar Roofs initiative is on pace to meet its goal of installing its legislatively mandated 3 gigawatts of solar capacity by 2016.

The 2006 Million Solar Roofs Bill was the first unified state effort to turn solar power into a commonplace and affordable energy resource. The law established a 10-year, statewide interagency effort, now called the Go Solar California campaign, which includes programs that fund solar projects on homes, commercial businesses, farms, as well as government and non-profit buildings. More than 100,000 rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems have been installed since the program began. Since the first solar panels under the Million Solar Roofs Initiative were connected to the grid in 2007, California has installed nearly 800 megawatts (MW) of solar photovoltaic power, the equivalent of powering 600,000 single family homes.

The potential for solar power looks bright in the Golden State. According to estimates by DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the state could host more than 80,000 MW of rooftop solar capacity, which could generate more than a third as much electricity as California uses in a year. Findings are contained in the first analysis of the state’s solar incentive program, "Building a Brighter Future." See the Environment California Research & Policy Center press release and the Building a Brighter Future report .

Source: EERE
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Using remote-sensing technology known as airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and hand-held global-positioning-systems (GPS) units, scientists recently found evidence for a late Pleistocene, landslide-dammed lake along the river.

Today the Eel river is 200 miles long, carved into the ground from high in the California Coast Ranges to the river’s mouth in the Pacific Ocean in Humboldt County.

The evidence for the ancient landslide, which, scientists say, blocked the river with a 400-foot-wall of loose rock and debris, is detailed this week in a paper appearing on-line in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The research provides a rare glimpse into the geological history of this rapidly evolving mountainous region.

“This study reminds us that there are still significant surprises to be unearthed about past landscape dynamics and their broad impacts,” said Paul Cutler, program director in the National Science Foundation’s Division of Earth Sciences, which funded the research. “For example, it provides valuable information for assessing modern landslide hazard potential in this region.”

It also helps to explain emerging evidence from other studies that show a dramatic decrease in the amount of sediment deposited from the river in the ocean just offshore at about the same time period, says lead author of the paper Benjamin Mackey of the California Institute of Technology.

“Perhaps of most interest, the presence of this landslide dam also provides an explanation for the results of previous research on the genetics of steelhead trout in the Eel River,” Mackey said.

Science Brief thanks to EurekAlert.

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Evidence emerges of ancient lake in California’s Eel River

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UC Berkeley transportation researchers found that after single-occupant hybrids got kicked out of the carpool lanes, traffic slowed for everyone.

The program, which began in 2005 and ended on July 1, gave consumers an extra incentive to buy low-emission cars. By 2011, some 85,000 low-emission vehicles had received the coveted yellow stickers that gave them entry into the carpool lanes, but critics of the perk argued that solo drivers of hybrid cars were clogging up the lanes for carpoolers.

Researchers at UC Berkeley’s Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS) used traffic flow theories and six months of data from roadway sensors measuring speed and congestion along all freeway carpool lanes in the San Francisco Bay Area. They used the information to predict the impact on vehicle speed of the hybrids’ removal from carpool lanes. Additional data collected after the program’s July 1 expiration supported their predictions.

Michael Cassidy, UC Berkeley professor of civil and environmental engineering, and Kitae Jang, a doctoral student in civil and environmental engineering, presented their analysis in a new report released by ITS.

“Our results show that everybody is worse off with the program’s ending,” said Cassidy. “Drivers of low-emission vehicles are worse off, drivers in the regular lanes are worse off, and drivers in the carpool lanes are worse off. Nobody wins.”

A carpool lane along a four-mile stretch of I-880 in Hayward, for instance, saw a 15 percent reduction in speed after single-occupant hybrids were expelled after July 1.

The counterintuitive results reflect dual – and opposing – influences on traffic speed in the carpool lanes, the researchers explained. One factor is the presence of additional cars, including hybrids, which slow down traffic. One might think that moving vehicles out would allow the remaining cars in the lane to go faster.

But the data show that traffic speed in the carpool lane is also influenced by the speed of the adjacent lanes. Moving the hybrids into the neighboring lanes increases congestion in those lanes, which in turn slows down the carpoolers.

“As vehicles move out of the carpool lane and into a regular lane, they have to slow down to match the speed of the congested lane,” explained Jang. “Likewise, as cars from a slow-moving regular lane try to slip into a carpool lane, they can take time to pick up speed, which also slows down the carpool lane vehicles.”

Human nature likely plays a role, too, the researchers said. “Drivers probably feel nervous going 70 miles per hour next to lanes where traffic is stopped or crawling along at 10 or 20 miles per hour,” said Cassidy. “Carpoolers may slow down for fear that a regular-lane car might suddenly enter their lane.”

Currently, the only single-occupancy vehicles allowed in California’s carpool lanes are federally approved Inherently Low Emission Vehicles, or ILEVs, such as hydrogen fuel cell, 100 percent battery electric, and compressed natural gas vehicles with white clean air vehicle stickers. According to the California Air Resources Board, only 14,000 vehicles in the state have qualified thus far.

A new program, pending federal approval next January, will allow 40,000 super-clean plug-in-hybrids or hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine vehicles to claim green clean air vehicle stickers and enter carpool lanes.

But the researchers predict that this will not be enough. They argue that freeway traffic conditions will improve for everyone by increasing, not decreasing, the numbers allowed access to carpool lanes.

“I think we need to start managing carpool facilities in a smarter way, and letting those hybrids back in the carpool lane would be a good first step,” said Cassidy. “And given the way that regular-lane speeds influence carpool lanes, added efforts to alleviate congestion in regular lanes could benefit all drivers.”

The work was supported by the UC Berkeley Center of Excellence for Future Urban Transport.

Source: UC Berkeley

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U.S. State Department Agents in San Francisco, working with Deputy United States Marshals, located and arrested Harris in Venezuela earlier this year. Harris was convicted of importing marijuana into the United States in excess of 1,000 Kilograms in 1990. Harris failed to appear for sentencing and is thought to have fled to Venezuela at that time.

Harris was extradited to the United States September 19, 2011, and is in the custody of the United State Marshals Service in Miami. Harris is expected to return to the Northern District of California where he will be sentenced on the criminal conviction from 1990, as well as face possible new charges for failure to appear.

The U.S. Marshals Service is the primary federal agency conducting both domestic and international fugitive investigations.

The U.S. Marshals Service regularly works in concert with other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to seek out and arrest violent fugitives and sex offenders and has established task forces throughout the nation to facilitate the apprehension of fugitives.

Source: US Marshals

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Lisa García Bedolla, an associate professor at the Graduate School of Education (GSE), and Rosaisela Rodriguez, an academic coordinator there and a research specialist, report that taking the California English Language Development Test “almost guarantees” that a student will be categorized as an English learner. They also point to strong evidence that California schools are misidentifying large numbers of entering kindergarten students as English learners.

In their report for UC Berkeley’s Center for Latino Policy Research, the investigators said their findings indicate that scarce school resources are being misdirected, with students receiving instruction inappropriate for their language skill levels as a result.

The researchers examined the 2009-2010 results of the test, which is administered to new public school students in grades K-12 who are identified through a parental home language survey.

The test is designed to identify students with limited English language proficiency and determine their level of proficiency, as well as to assess progress of students with limited English in learning to listen, speak, read and write in English.

They found that the 12 percent English proficiency results throughout the state dropped to a stunning 6 percent when the large Los Angeles Unified School District – with a 15 percent English proficiency rate – is excluded from the analysis.

“Although it is true that student populations can vary from year to year, we believe it reasonable to assume that the proportion of incoming kindergarteners that will be EL students should be roughly comparable to the proportion of the district as a whole,” they write in their study.

The researchers fault both a four-question home language survey for parents that generally is part of the paperwork required to enroll a kindergartener in public school, and the exam itself.

The survey asks questions about the child’s first language, the language he or she speaks most often at home, the languages the adults speak at home, and what language the parents speak most often with their child.

For most districts, the mention on the survey of any language other than English – or, in some cases, any language in addition to English – triggered the requirement that a child take the test, the researchers said.

The test drew additional fire from García Bedolla and Rodriguez, who contend that a two-hour test for children entering kindergarten is unrealistic, and that test observers reported children crying, hiding under chairs or tables and generally being unable to participate in the exam that is conducted without parents present. The test was recently expanded to include questions that require these pre-kindergarteners to engage in reading and writing, they added.

García Bedolla suggests that the initial parental survey should include more appropriate questions to gauge school readiness, such as the presence of books in the home and the amount of time parents read to their child. She also says that languages other than English spoken in the home should not automatically be considered detrimental to a child’s English proficiency.

In addition, she recommends that after the initial English proficiency assessments, decisions about whether to designate a kindergartener as an English learner consider other information, including parental opinions and teacher observation of students during the first few weeks of school.

García Bedolla said schools have a built-in incentive to test as well as to classify students as English learners. Schools receive $5 from the state for each test given, get additional federal Title III funding for these students, and, should a large number of kindergarten English learner students test English proficient in third grade, districts are acknowledged for improving their English skills – even if those students were originally misidentified.

The California English Language Development Test was first administered in California public schools in 2001, when it lasted less than half an hour. Since then, it “has just ballooned,” said García Bedolla. The state Department of Education will review the test next in 2013.

“Meanwhile, if we’re right about this, the number of early grade English learners in California’s public schools may grow exponentially,” García Bedolla said, adding that once a child is designated an English learner, the classification remains with them through third grade.

Source: UC Berkeley

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The investigation will focus on allegations that the Lancaster and Palmdale stations of the LASD are engaged in a pattern or practice of discrimination on the basis of race or national origin in violation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, and the anti-discrimination provisions of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fair Housing Act.

The Justice Department will seek to determine whether there are systemic violations of the Constitution or federal law, including the Fair Housing Act, by deputies of these LASD stations. The investigation will focus on allegations that the LASD has sought to identify during routine traffic stops individuals who use Housing Choice Vouchers, commonly known as Section 8, to subsidize housing costs for low income families. In addition, the investigation will examine allegations that t he LASD has conducted warrantless searches of African-American families’ homes under the auspices of housing authority compliance inspections, and that housing authority investigators based in the Lancaster and Palmdale sheriff’s stations have been accompanied by sheriff’s deputies as they conduct routine housing contract compliance checks. At times, it is alleged that the deputies approach the Section 8 recipient’s home with guns drawn and in full SWAT armor and conduct searches and questioning themselves, unrelated to the housing program.

In addition, the Justice Department has an ongoing investigation under the Fair Housing Act of the cities of Palmdale and Lancaster, as well as of the Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles, to determine whether there has been a systematic effort to discriminate against African-Americans and Latinos.

During the course of the investigation of the LASD, the Justice Department will consider all relevant information, particularly the efforts that LASD has undertaken to ensure compliance with federal law. The Justice Department has taken similar steps involving a variety of state and local law enforcement agencies, both large and small, in jurisdictions such as New York, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia and Louisiana.

This matter is being investigated by attorneys from the Special Litigation Section and Housing and Civil Enforcement Section of the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division. The department welcomes any information from the community. If you have any comments or concerns, please feel free to contact the department at 1-877-218-5228 , or via email at community.antelope@usdoj.gov.

Source: Department of Justice

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Researchers say the findings underscore the need for increased monitoring and continued collaborative management of the lake by both California and Nevada.

In a study released today by the UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center and the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, scientists report that water clarity dropped from 68.1 feet in 2009 to 64.4 feet in 2010, a 3.7-foot decline that resulted in the second-lowest clarity level ever recorded at Lake Tahoe.

“Taken alone, that decline in clarity is unusual but it is within the range of normal fluctuations,” said Geoffrey Schladow, director of the UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center.

“However,” he added, “an analysis of other key variables makes us think that the transparency of the lake’s water may be now influenced by a new set of factors.” Those factors likely include climate change and tiny algae, according to the report.

“While we’re still maintaining the decade-long trend of slowing the decline in clarity, the new forces of climate change and the unusual concentrations of algae have us concerned,” said Joanne S. Marchetta, executive director of the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency. She said this year’s research findings underscore the urgency of environmental restoration work at Lake Tahoe.

“TRPA is committed to addressing the challenges highlighted in the report by continuing our leadership role in the Tahoe basin to bring together all who have a role to play in the lake’s preservation,” Marchetta said.

Clarity is measured by the depth to which a Secchi disk monitoring device remains visible when dropped beneath the water surface.

The rate of decline in clarity has slowed overall in recent years, but with year-to-year fluctuations. In more than 50 percent of the 43 years for which Secchi depth measurements have been taken, researchers have seen differences (both positive and negative) as great or greater than this year’s drop. Schladow noted that lake clarity has been improving during winter for the last decade, but deteriorating summer conditions have outweighed some of those gains.

The report, “State of the Lake Report 2011,” suggests that climate change may have produced conditions that favored the proliferation of Cyclotella, a single-cell, free-floating algae, which in large concentrations can diminish clarity.

“The numbers of Cyclotella have grown significantly in recent years,” said John Reuter, associate director of the UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center. “This year, in particular, these single-cell algae were concentrated very close to the surface, strongly scattering light and thereby impacting lake clarity.”

The researchers speculate that the improvements in winter clarity measurements may be due to recent efforts to reduce urban stormwater flows into the lake. They point to the need to obtain funding for a comprehensive urban stormwater-monitoring program in the Tahoe basin, to further test this hypothesis.

For the first time, clarity data derived from remote sensing via satellite images of the entire lake are included in the report. This information reveals that, for most of the year, clarity on the eastern shore is significantly lower than on the western shore. It also indicates that clarity is better at one mile offshore than it is within a half-mile of the shore, highlighting the importance of better managing near-shore water quality.

While the research team concluded that the trajectory of the Secchi clarity measurements into the future is uncertain, the UC Davis scientists also consider that the investment to date in water quality control projects cannot be underestimated.

Reduction in nutrients and fine sediment load is clearly in the best interest of lake clarity, according to the report’s authors.

“There is every reason to believe that if it were not for the decades of watershed management, development policy and water quality restoration projects, the lake’s transparency would be worse than it is today,” Schladow said.

In addition to an analysis of lake clarity, this year’s report presents information on new efforts being made to control the aquatic invasive species — Asian clam — that was first observed in Lake Tahoe in 2002 and has now reached large densities in certain portions of the lake. Additional topics include algae composition and concentration, the current impact of climate change on precipitation, changes in lake water temperature and the effect of lake warming on circulation.

Funding for long-term monitoring and analysis of Lake Tahoe is provided by the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Forest Service, the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board and UC Davis. Partial funding for producing the 2011 State of Lake Tahoe Report was provided by a gift from the nonprofit Tahoe Fund.

Source: UC Davis

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“DBI Beverage workers and their families felt they had no choice but to educate the public about MillerCoors’ distributor, DBI Beverage, and its poor record on its treatment of workers,” said Rome Aloise, President of Teamsters Joint Council 7 and International Vice President. “DBI, the exclusive distributor of MillerCoors products in the Bay Area, refuses to bargain a fair contract with its employees.”

DBI workers in Sacramento and Stockton voted for Teamster representation in democratically-conducted elections by the National Labor Relations Board more than a year ago. They still do not have a contract.

“It is shameful that DBI pays such low wages that some workers are on public assistance,” said Jim Tobin, President of Teamsters Local Union 150 in Sacramento. “We are here to tell DBI that after working a full 40 hours or more each week, workers deserve respect and a fair wage.”

“MillerCoors and DBI are responsible to this community,” said Sam Rosas, Secretary-Treasurer of Local 439 in Stockton. “We buy their products, and in return their longtime workers deserve a decent job with decent benefits. The economy in California is already in terrible shape, so this profitable company should be ashamed of itself for destroying these jobs.”

Founded in 1903, the Teamsters Union represents more than 1.4 million hardworking men and women in the United States and Canada.

SOURCE Teamsters Joint Council 7

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In the study, which has been accepted for publication in the journal Global Change Biology and is now available online, UC Berkeley biologists catalogued the ranges of all 258 native grasses and 177 exotic grasses in the state and estimated how climate change – in particular, increased temperature and decreased rainfall – would change them.

They concluded that many of the traits that now make exotic grasses more successful than many natives also would allow them to adapt better to increased temperature and likely expand their ranges.

“When we looked at current patterns, we found that warmer temperatures favor certain traits, and these are the traits possessed by exotic species,” said coauthor Emily Dangremond, a graduate student in the UC Berkeley Department of Integrative Biology. “This led us to predict that, if the mean temperature increases in all zones in California, there is an increased likelihood of finding exotic species, and an increase in the proportion of species in a zone that are exotic.”

The study was inspired by a 2008 class run by David Ackerly, a UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology, that focused on the role plants play in their ecosystem and how those roles may alter with climate change. This area of study, called functional ecology, is being used more and more by ecologists to predict the consequences of global warming.

“The ‘trait-based’ approach lets us test hypotheses about plant distributions in relation to climate without tying them to the identity of particular species,” Ackerly wrote in an email from South Africa, where he is on sabbatical. “As a consequence, the analyses can be generalized beyond California to other grassland areas.”

With grasses, the increase in exotics could make the state more prone to wildfires, since invasive grasses dry out in the summer more than do native grasses. Some grasses serve as reservoirs for viruses and other pathogens that attack food crops, while others more efficiently suck up water that would normally be used by other grasses and plants,

Dangremond is involved in a study of European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria), which she has found harbors deer mice that eat endangered lupines. The beachgrass has invaded sand dunes along much of the coast in California, Oregon and Washington, she said.

For the current study, Dangremond and postdoctoral fellow Brody Sandel, now at Aarhus University in Denmark, divided California into 800 zones, and characterized all the grasses in these zones according to 10 distinct traits related to growth, reproductive and light capture strategies. These traits included grasses’ maximum height; plant and leaf lifespan; seed mass; month of first flowering; length of flowering period; specific leaf area, leaf length and width; leaf nitrogen concentration per mass and per area; and the grass’s specific photosynthetic pathway. The data came primarily from the updated “Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California” published by UC Press.

Some zones in the state contained as many as 163 grass species, while others had as few as three. In some zones, two-thirds of all grasses were exotics. The researchers found that, in general, the higher the average temperature in a zone, the greater the proportion of exotic grass species.

Exotics differed significantly from natives on seven of the 10 traits in ways that made them more adaptable to higher temperatures. For example, exotics tended to be taller, have longer and wider leaves, higher specific leaf area, higher nitrogen mass in the leaves and higher seed mass, and were less likely to be perennial. Noxious invasives were even more extremely adapted to warmer temperatures.

These traits account for the success of invasive exotic grasses, Dangremond said. Taller grasses, for example, give exotics more light-capturing ability and the ability to outcompete natives for light. Similarly, the larger seeds of exotic species could give these grasses a competitive advantage at the seedling stage.

“As climate changes in the coming century, which at this point is quite certain, this means we expect the distributions of the grasses to change as well,” Ackerly wrote. “Sadly, what this predicts is that the alien species that already dominate the Central Valley and other hotter regions of the state will become even more widespread in the future.”

“I hate to be a doomsayer, but the problem is getting worse because of humans,” Dangremond said. “Humans promote the spread of invasive species by disturbing areas and letting weedy species come in, and grazing herbivores like cows and elk tend to have a negative effect on native plants anyway. Native species really have a lot to contend with now.”

Source: UC Berkeley

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On May 12th 2011 Rudan was driving a stolen Audi S5 near the intersection of Elkhorn Blvd. and Watt Ave. when the California Highway Patrol (CHP) attempted to stop Rudan he fled running red lights at speeds of over 100 mph. CHP lost the suspect vehicle. On May 23rd Rudan led Twin Rivers P.D. in another high speed pursuit before getting away, and again later that night led CHP on a pursuit with reckless abandonment and endangering innocent motorists during his escape.

Due to the extreme recklessness of Rudan’s driving the CHP contacted the U.S. Marshals Service to assist in arresting Rudan. In the early morning hours of May 31, 2011 a lead was developed that Rudan had been staying in a hotel outside of Sacramento trying to hide from authorities. Deputy U.S. Marshals from Sacramento along with CHP and the CDCR, Fugitive Apprehension Team surrounded Rudan and his girlfriend in the stolen vehicle in a parking lot in Cotati. Again with disregard for public safety Rudan attempted escape by ramming a CHP marked unit before hopping a curb and attempting to run over an Officer who was on foot. While violently maneuvering, Rudan rammed the Audi into a tree resulting in major damage to the vehicle. He physically resisted officers who placed him into custody.

A search of the vehicle produced stolen security uniforms and badges as well as a simulated firearm. It was estimated that Rudan had $90,000 worth of stolen property in the vehicle most of which came from vehicle burglaries in North Sacramento and the Bay area. Rudan was booked into the Sonoma County Jail for Parole Violation and has additional charges pending.

Source: US Marshals

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Research has shown that a lack of physical activity is associated with obesity, diabetes and other chronic conditions, while regular physical activity is associated with increased mental alertness and higher academic achievement.

Cuts to physical education (PE) programs, as well as exemptions that allow high school students to skip up to two years of PE, have contributed to declining participation in these school-based programs, the brief’s authors noted. The study found, for example, that the proportion of teens participating in PE drops precipitously with age, from 95 percent at age 12 to just 23 percent at age 17.

Using data from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), the authors found that only 42 percent of California teens report participating in PE on a daily basis. And more than 80 percent of all teens fail to meet the current federal recommendations for physical activity.

“California teens don’t get enough exercise,” said Dr. Allison Diamant, a faculty associate with the center and a UCLA associate adjunct professor of general internal medicine and health services, who co-authored the policy brief, “Adolescent Physical Education and Physical Activity in California.”

“Physical activity doesn’t just keep the body healthy and prevent diabetes and obesity,” Diamant said, “it also feeds the mind. Exercise is an education tool.”

Diamant noted that PE classes are especially important to urban teens who may lack access to parks or other safe recreational spaces.

“Kids need to move more, and PE class is often one of the few safe places to do so,” she said.

Among the study’s findings:

The authors recommend maintenance of existing PE classes and increased funding to ensure that all schools meet statewide PE standards. And although they commend recently implemented legislation that requires students to pass five of the six standards of the California Physical Fitness Test before receiving an exemption from PE, they note that it is important for students to maintain physical activity, even if they do meet these standards.

“Physical fitness is an intrinsic part of the educational process, not something to be sidelined or avoided,” said Dr. Robert K. Ross, M.D., president and CEO of the California Endowment, which funded the study. “Our educators need to understand that physical education is just as essential to a student’s academic success as reading, writing and arithmetic.”

The California Endowment, a private statewide health foundation, was established in 1996 to expand access to affordable, quality health care for underserved individuals and communities and to promote fundamental improvements in the health status of all Californians.

The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) is the nation’s largest state health survey and one of the largest health surveys in the United States.

Source material reprinted from the UCLA

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Lineth Chepkurui of Kenya, the returning female winner and world record holder in the Women’s Division, again finished first in the Women’s Division with a time of 39:12.

Harroufi and Chepkurui were also the first male and female to cross the summit at Hayes Street Hill.

“In our centennial year of the Zazzle Bay to Breakers, we are thrilled that this race continues to attract such a world-class athletic field,” said Angela Fang, general manager of Zazzle Bay to Breakers. “Having a history making finish like this at the 100th running of the Zazzle Bay to Breakers is a sweet addition to this historic day.”

Originally known as the Cross City Race, Bay to Breakers was first held on January 1, 1912. In its first year, 186 runners started the race at Embarcadero and Market streets and only 121 runners completed the race. The winner of the first race was Robert Jackson “Bobby” Vlught, who won with a time of 44:10. Since then Bay to Breakers has grown to be one of the largest footraces in the world with more than 50,000 participants and close to 100,000 spectators annually.

Source: Business Wire

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